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Shingles
Roofing shingles are roof coverings that consist of individual overlapping elements to make up a roof. The component parts a roof is normally flat rectangular shapes (the shingle) that are laid out in rows with the edges overlapping that allow them to be fastened to one another. A single layer of shingle can be used to provide a water resistant finish thanks to this overlapping feature. Traditionally shingles are laid on a roof from the bottom edge of the roof upwards, with the bottom edge of every row overlapping the previous row by one third of their total length. There should also be a cap made from lead (or less frequently copper) which has began to be replaced by shingles that feature a plastic underlay. Shingles are made from various materials, the most common is the slate shingle or ceramic shingle, however they have been made from wood, asbestos-cement, and bitumen-soaked paper covered in aggregate (commonly referred to as asphalt shingles). Obviously many of these types are used infrequently due to the fire risk they represent, and in many countries fiberglass shingles are most commonly used.
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